1. Pharmaceuticals

• Buffering Agent in Drug Formulations : Helps maintain a stable pH in injectable and oral medications, ensuring drug stability and efficacy.
• Component in Dialysis Solutions : Acts as a bicarbonate precursor, maintaining acid-base balance in peritoneal and hemodialysis fluids.
• Preservative Additive : Exhibits mild antimicrobial properties, used to extend shelf life of certain pharmaceutical preparations.

2. Food & Healthcare Ingredients

• Flavor Enhancer and Preservative: Used in snack foods, sauces, and processed meats to impart a mild vinegar flavor and act as a preservative by inhibiting bacteria and mold growth.
• pH Regulator : Maintains acidity or alkalinity balance in foods to improve flavor and shelf life.
• Anti-caking Agent: Prevents clumping in powdered food products such as spice blends or powdered cheese.

3. Fabric Solutions

• Dyeing Assistant : Used in textile dyeing processes, especially with synthetic fibers like polyester, to fix the dye evenly on the fabric by maintaining a consistent pH.
• Mordant Substitute : Helps the fabric absorb dyes better, especially in reactive dyeing.
• Bleaching and Finishing Agent : Prevents bleaching during bleach processes by neutralizing residual chlorine.

4.  Performance Chemicals

• Catalyst in Organic Synthesis : Used in esterification and acetylation reactions as a catalyst to speed up chemical processes.
• Intermediate for Other Chemicals : Precursor to products like acetic anhydride, cellulose acetate, or synthetic dyes.

5. Energy

• Supercooling Agent in Reusable Heat Packs : Utilized in exothermic crystallization to generate heat on demand when activated, making it ideal for heating pads.
• Thermal Storage Media : Employed in thermal management systems as a phase-change material due to its heat absorption and release characteristics.

6. Metal Treatment

• Electrolyte Additive : Used in nickel plating baths to improve bath stability and control pH for better deposition of metal.
• Corrosion Inhibitor : Helps prevent corrosion on the surface of metals during or after plating.