1. Fabric Solutions

• Intermediate in Azo Dye Synthesis: PSA is widely used in the synthesis of azo and acid dyes, where it provides water solubility and anionic character to aromatic intermediates, improving fabric binding.
• Dispersant Manufacturing: It is involved in making sulfonated dispersing agents that keep pigments evenly suspended during application.
• Dyeing and Finishing Agent: PSA improves dye uptake and penetration on polyester and wool fabrics by modifying dye bath pH and ionic strength.
• Emulsifying Agent in Printing Pastes: Used as an additive in textile printing pastes to stabilize emulsions and prevent pigment settling.

2. Metal Treatment 

• Additive in Electrolyte Baths: PSA is added to nickel and zinc electroplating baths to improve surface brightness, deposit leveling, and throwing power, resulting in smooth and uniform coatings.
• Cleaning Agent Component: Used in acidic cleaning solutions to remove oxides and grease from metal surfaces before plating or painting.

3. Polymers & Resins

• Catalyst in Phenolic Resin Production: Acts as an acid catalyst in the condensation of phenol with formaldehyde, aiding in the formation of thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins used in laminates, molded items, and adhesives.
• Cross-Linking Agent: Enhances cross-linking and curing of resins, improving mechanical strength, thermal resistance, and water resistance.

4. Construction 

• Raw Material for Superplasticizers: PSA is used to produce sulfonated polymers, especially sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates (SNF), which are key superplasticizers in high-performance concrete.
• Water Reducing Agent Precursor: These sulfonated compounds significantly improve flowability and reduce water demand, increasing the strength and durability of concrete.