1. Pharmaceuticals

• Catalyst in Synthesis: Used as a catalyst or precursor in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and fine chemicals.
• Analytical Reagent: Applied in analytical labs for testing and validation of pharmaceutical samples.

2. Performance Chemicals

• Nickel Catalyst Precursor: Serves as a precursor for nickel-based catalysts used in hydrogenation, reforming, and other chemical processes.
• Intermediate for Nickel Compounds: Used in the synthesis of other nickel salts and nickel-based materials.

3. Construction

• Surface Treatment: Utilized in coating and plating processes for corrosion-resistant construction components (e.g., fasteners, fittings).
• Concrete Additive (Specialty): Sometimes investigated in research for advanced cementitious materials or electrochemical reinforcement.

4. Agrochemicals

• Micronutrient Source (Nickel): Nickel is an essential trace element for plant enzymes (e.g., urease); used in specialized micronutrient formulations.
• Catalyst for Agrochemical Synthesis: Used in synthesis of agrochemical intermediates as a catalyst precursor.

5. Paints, Coatings & Adhesives

• Surface Pretreatment Agent: Employed in metal surface activation before applying adhesives, enhancing adhesion strength on metal substrates.
• Catalyst in Polymer Curing: Plays a role in certain curing reactions of specialty adhesive formulations.

6. Metal Treatment

• Electroplating (Nickel Coating): Widely used in nickel electroplating baths to deposit a corrosion-resistant, glossy nickel layer on metals.
• Metal Surface Modification: Applied in conversion coatings and passivation layers for improved corrosion resistance.