1. Performance Chemicals

• Intermediate for Brominated Compounds: Liquid bromine is a primary raw material in the production of organobromine compounds like methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide, and brominated flame retardants.
• Catalyst in Organic Synthesis: Used in halogenation reactions (especially for alkenes and alkynes) where bromine acts as a catalyst or direct reagent.

2. Pharmaceuticals

• Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs): Involved in creating brominated pharmaceuticals such as sedatives, antihistamines, and anticonvulsants (e.g., bromhexine, ipratropium bromide).
• Reagent for Drug Modification: Used in the modification of molecular structures for drug design and functionalization through selective bromination.

3. Agrochemicals

• Fumigants & Soil Sterilants: Historically used to produce methyl bromide, a powerful soil fumigant against nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Though restricted, it's still used in specific regions or under exemptions.
• Herbicide and Pesticide Intermediate: Used in the synthesis of brominated pesticides and herbicides such as bromacil or bromoxynil.

4. Water Treatment

• Disinfectant in Cooling Towers & Pools: Bromine is used as a biocide in industrial water systems, hot tubs, and pools due to its ability to kill bacteria, algae, and fungi.
• Oxidizing Agent in Wastewater Treatment: Acts as an oxidizer to break down organic pollutants and neutralize contaminants.

5. Energy

• Dense Fluids in Drilling: Liquid bromine derivatives like calcium bromide and zinc bromide brines are used as high-density clear brines in deep well drilling operations.
• Completion and Workover Fluids: These brominated brines are used to maintain well stability during completion and maintenance operations.