Calcium chloride dihydrate

Calcium chloride dihydrate

Calcium chloride; Calcium chloride hydrate; Calcium dichloride dihydrate

CAS 10035-04-8

Chemical Formula 10035-04-8

Molecular Weight 147.01 g/mol

Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2•2H2O) is a hydrated form of calcium chloride, appearing as a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is highly soluble in water and exhibits hygroscopic and deliquescent properties, readily absorbing moisture from the air and dissolving in it. Widely used for de-icing roads, as a food additive, and in industrial processes, it also finds applications in chemistry, including as a solvent for chitin. 

Industrial Uses

1. Construction

  • Concrete Accelerator: In cold weather, concrete hydration slows down, which can delay construction projects. Calcium chloride dihydrate acts as an accelerator, speeding up the setting and hardening process, ensuring timely project completion. 
  • Moisture Control: Calcium chloride dihydrate is a desiccant, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. This property is utilized in construction to reduce excess moisture in materials like drywall, plaster, and flooring, helping prevent issues like mold and warping.

2. Water Treatment

  • Impurities Removal: Calcium chloride reacts with various ions (fluoride, silicates, phosphates, sulfates, and heavy metals) in wastewater to form insoluble salts that precipitate out of the solution, making them easier to remove by skimming or filtration.
  • Oil and Grease Removal: In oily waste streams, calcium chloride causes oil droplets to float to the surface for removal, making it useful in industries like petroleum and food processing.

3. Food & Healthcare Ingredients

  • Firming Agent and Texturizer: Calcium chloride dihydrate is added to canned vegetables like tomatoes and pickles to prevent mushiness and maintain a firm texture. It binds with pectin, a component of plant cell walls, strengthening them.
  • Cheese Production: In cheesemaking, it's added to milk to improve curd formation and texture, particularly in cheddar, mozzarella, and cottage cheese. It helps compensate for calcium loss during pasteurization.
  • Preservative: Calcium chloride helps inhibit microbial growth and enzymatic spoilage, thus extending the shelf life of various food products.
  • Pickled Foods: It's used in brined olives and pickles to preserve color and flavor while preventing softening.

4. Pharmaceuticals

  • Electrolyte Replenishment: Calcium chloride dihydrate is a common component of intravenous solutions used to treat hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels). It helps restore and maintain proper calcium levels, which are essential for nerve and muscle function, including heart function.

5. Cleaning & Disinfectants

  • Lowering Freezing Point: Calcium chloride dihydrate is a highly effective deicing agent because it lowers the freezing point of water. When spread on icy surfaces, it absorbs moisture, dissolves, and creates a brine solution that melts ice and prevents refreezing, even in very cold temperatures.
  • Moisture Absorption: Calcium chloride dihydrate is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. This makes it a very effective desiccant for controlling humidity and preventing moisture-related damage in various settings.

6. Animal healthcare

  • Supplement for calcium: Calcium chloride dihydrate is an essential source of calcium, a mineral critical for the development of livestock skeletons. This is particularly vital for young animals, such as calves and piglets, who need substantial amounts of calcium for optimal growth and strong skeletal development.

7. Lubricants & Automobiles

  • De-icing: Calcium chloride is widely used to melt snow and ice on roads, which indirectly affects automotive transportation. 
  • Drying Agent: It acts as a desiccant, absorbing moisture, which can be useful in industrial processes where moisture control is critical, but it's not a lubricant itself.
  • Drilling Fluid Additive: In the oil and gas industry, it is added to drilling fluids to increase density, control pressure, and prevent clay swelling. This supports the extraction of resources used in automotive production.

Specifications

Assay 99%
Appearance White crystalline solid
Odor Odorless
Boiling Point Decomposes before boiling
Melting Point 176°C
Density 1.85 g/cm3
Solubility Highly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and acetone
Viscosity Not applicable
Flash Point Not flammable

Hazard Symbols

Irritants/Sensitisers/Other Hazards