1. Polymers & Resins

• Flame Retardant: ATH decomposes at temperatures around 220°C, releasing water vapor. This water vapor displaces oxygen, diluting the flammable atmosphere and inhibiting combustion. The reaction also absorbs heat, preventing the polymer from reaching its ignition temperature.
• Smoke Suppressant: ATH also acts as a smoke suppressant. The decomposition products, particularly alumina, form a protective layer on the polymer surface, which adsorbs soot particles and reduces smoke density.
• Filler role: ATH is also be used as a filler material, increasing the material's density and potentially improving its resistance to staining or other properties.

2. Paints, Coatings & Adhesives

• Pigment extender: ATH acts as a filler and extender, increasing the volume of the paint while reducing the amount of more expensive pigment.
• Smoke suppressant: It acts as a smoke suppressant in paints by absorbing heat and decomposing into aluminum oxide and water, which then creates a protective layer on the paint surface.
• Flame retardant: It is used in adhesives to enhance their fire resistance by acting as a flame retardant. ATH works by releasing water vapor when exposed to high temperatures, which cools the material and dilutes flammable gases, thereby inhibiting combustion. This process also helps to reduce smoke generation.

3. Construction

• Composite material: ATH is commonly incorporated into composite materials like wall panels, insulation, roofing, and flooring to improve their fire resistance. It helps reduce the risk of fire spreading within buildings.

4. Pharmaceuticals

• Antacid: Aluminum trihydrate is a common ingredient in antacids, helping to reduce stomach acid and relieve heartburn and indigestion. 
• Buffering agent: ATH acts as a buffer, meaning it can resist changes in pH. When added to a solution, it helps to maintain a relatively stable pH level, preventing drastic fluctuations.